Royal Canin Maxi Babydog 30 Dry Dog Food 6lb
...tiny jaws and teeth of your young puppy Special shape size and texture for easier grasping and chewing Higher levels of EPAandDHA from anchovy oil promote the healthy development brain and nervous system as well as motor skills and sensory perception...
My mother has liver cirrhosis, and I wonder it has an impact on mental health in general?
Your sanity is not "right" quite a while now and she is still a very heavy drinker, probably at least a 12 pack a day, if not twice. can Thank you to one Thay possibly to help with this question. For example, they went to prison and now she thinks she is in hospital.
It has been proven that people with chronic Alcoholism develop a wide range of brain structural and neuro-psychological disorders. These include deficits in executive functions, such as the inability to problems to resolve to get things in order, and they actively memory, while several tasks at once.
S-Adenosylmethionine. Denosyl has been shown to increase hepatic glutathione levels in cats and dogs. Glutathione is a potent antioxidant that protects liver cells from toxins and death. Denosyl is recommended to improve hepatic glutathione levels in compromised animals to help maintain and protect liver function. The tablets should be given on an empty stomach at least one hour before feeding. Th...
For Cats and Small DogsS-AdenosylmethionineWhat is Denosyl?Denosyl is an anti-oxident that has been shown to increase hepatic Glutathione levels in the liver of dogs and cats. Denosyl's activity goes far beyond just increasing Glutathione levels. It has been shown to protect liver cells from cell death and may be useful in cell repair and healing.Denosyl is recommended to improve hepatic glutathio...
S-Adenosylmethionine. Denosyl has been shown to increase hepatic glutathione levels in cats and dogs. Glutathione is a potent antioxidant that protects liver cells from toxins and death. Denosyl is recommended to improve hepatic glutathione levels in compromised animals to help maintain and protect liver function. The tablets should be given on an empty stomach at least one hour before feeding. ...
Guided imagery CD taps into the immense power of the mind to enhance comfort, healing, an optimistic attitude and positive expectations. Metaphor of "cancer as weeds in a garden that are easily managed"....
CORE Chicken, Turkey & Chicken Liver Formula- Protein-Focused Nutrition with Nothing in Excess and Everything in Balance. Wellness has redefined the world of grain-free cat food! We have developed an increased protein diet with 20% more protein than traditional Wellness canned cat diets to support lean muscle mass. We combine 5 quality protein sources with over 80% meat to satisfy the palate and b...
KONG Stuff'N Senior Easy Treat is specially formulated with lamb & rice. Simply apply to the inside surface of a KONG toy or grooves of a KONG Dental toy. It is an easily digestible and low calorie treat!...
Healthy Indulgence Chicken & Chicken Liver Recipe- Succulent morsels served in a creamy sauce. Is your cat a food critic? Ours sure are. That's why we created Wellness Healthy Indulgence, a menu of succulent morsels paired with delectable sauces to satisfy even the most refined palate. With taste in mind, but health at heart, we combine real foods such as chicken and chicken liver to create slow-c...
INTERNATINAL SEMINAR OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE Acupuncture This presentation was recorded in its entirety and edited into 6 videotapes. *** AVAILABLE IN VHS FORMAT ONLY *** VIDEOTAPE 01 - Stagnation of the Qi Liver - How to understand the model. - Treatment of the different clinical aspects. - What not to treat. VIDEOTAPE 02 - The Liver as the Great harmonizer. - The acupuncture treatment an...
The Liver 20 x 26 in. - Paper versionLiver ChartThe anatomy of the human liver and its location in the body is detailed in this colorful anatomical chart. The anatomy of related organs are displayed along with the liver. This poster is a great tool for teaching the role of the liver in the human body. Use it in a doctors office or in a classroom. The poster is printed on premium glossy (200g) pape...
Using nutritious herbs, such as those in Grandma's Herbs LIVER combination, to flush out these toxins before damage occurs is a vital step to health.The liver cleanses the body of all the poisons that infiltrate The liver is your toxic was
Denestra is a nutritional supplement for dogs and cats that helps support liver joint and cognitive functions. This product increases the amount of glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant.
Denestra is a nutritional supplement for dogs and cats that helps support liver joint and cognitive functions. Denestra increases the amount of glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant in pets.
Denestra is a nutritional supplement for dogs and cats that helps support liver joint and cognitive functions. This product increases the amount of glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant.
Denestra is a nutritional supplement for dogs and cats that helps support liver, joint and cognitive functions. Denestra increases the amount of Glutathione, a naturally occurring antioxidant.
Provides a comprehensive plan for reprogramming the liver and pancreas in order to stimulate rapid fat loss and long-term weight management via three specific stages, sample menus, recipes, exercise recommendations, and informative answers to frequentl...
Denestra is a nutritional supplement for dogs and cats that helps support liver joint and cognitive functions. Denestra increases the amount of glutathione a naturally occurring antioxidant in pets proven to promote liver cell regeneration.
Denestra is a nutritional supplement for dogs and cats that helps support liver joint and cognitive functions. Denestra increases the amount of glutathione a naturally occurring antioxidant in pets proven to promote liver cell regeneration.
Naturland standards guarantee a healthy diet for the selected animals and keeping of animals in a species-appropriate environment, thus high quality products. Craftsmanship and traditional recipes promise undisturbed taste and quality for people who avoid pork either for religious reasons or for health reasons. The products are gluten-free, wheat-free, yeast-free, lactose-free, egg-free, cow's milk-free, soy-free and sesame-free. Packaged in tin cans with a shelf life of several months. 75% turkey content, 20% turkey liver content.
"Uni-Liver is an exceptionally pure, natural product derived exclusively from prized grass-fed Argentinian cattle which have been raised without steroids, hormones, or pesticides. Freed of fat, water and connective tissue, Uni-Liver is quickly flash frozen to -18°C. One of the most nutritious supplements available to all bodybuilders, Uni-Liver is very high in important amino acids and rich in key vitamins and minerals, including heme iron, riboflavin, folic acid and B12. t. Uni-Liver has been a classic staple of hardcore bodybuilders for over 15 years. Certified BSE-free."
In the heart warming true-to-life pose, this adorable liver chesnut foal with flaxen mane and tail is a charmer!Everyone loves s new baby - and these foals are no exception! Spring is traditionally foaling season and Breyer's new foal crop are adorable and packaged in a cute pictorial box that is perfect for gift giving!Color: Liver ChestnutSize: 9L x 6 3/4H x 4 3/4D
Designed for use by powerful chewers. Be sure to select a proper chew and size for your dog s particular chewing style. Bristles raised during chewing will help to clean the teeth, and this cleaning action will help control plaque and tartar bu. Ingredients:Nylon, Liver Meal. Not Consumable. Only Small Shavings, No Larger Than A Grain Of Rice, Can Pass Through Safely. Replace When Knuckles On Ends Have Been Worn Down. Non Toxic. Size: Regular.Color: Liver
The Stuff'N Liver Snaps are delicious treats that can be used anytime, but are specially spaked to fit your dog's kong toys. These treats are All-Natural--Including Over 90% Human-Grade Beef Liver. Product is made with Liver, Water, Bran, & Whole Wheat Flour.Size: 4.5 x 2.75 x 10
Causes of Indigestion - Acid Reflux Help with food - ginger root Gerd Treatment
Causes of indigestion
Do you have an ethnic grocery store time. Against suffer heartburn, it could be good or bad, but definitely worth a look just for the experience. It is a world of new flavors and new foods. Some of these shops are as big as the supermarket chain, but have a different emphasis on products. Share a wide selection of fresh products, you agree to never cooked with?. For someone looking for a heartburn remedy can be the beginning to be healthy experience. Have You adventurous one in a foreign country without leaving the house.
demolished stops! LEARN the shocking truth about Acid Reflux Heartburn Drugs and Antacids ... To Get the Facts on exactly how to eliminate your acid reflux from the root 100% natural and permanent and lasting freedom from digestive disorders, without having Your hard-earned money on drugs and over the counter ...
Several treatments can be simple and natural relief solutions that have been established through the generations passed offer nor effective. Common sense tells us to look at what we eat and drink to stop the onset of heartburn, but if that does not work, try some of those solutions.
There are several ways of heartburn with the use of natural and pharmaceutical products to stop. The ultimate goal to stop Heartburn should be from temporary episodes to permanent relief. Natural methods to stop heartburn is that diet and lifestyle changes and Under natural products to alleviate the symptoms. The most common way it is today, a couple of antacid tablets Pop dilute the acids from the stomach quickly broke. Antacids have the best heart burns for stress.
How to cure insomnia is a pervasive issue for many people. It is estimated that at least half of the population in the western world is suffering from insomnia at one time or another. This article gives the basic facts about insomnia.
Candidiasis can be treated a troublesome infection, the more so since the pharmaceutical treatment for such includes the use of powerful systemic antifungals. These antifungals may cause side effects that may even rival to treat the disease, it was done. However, there was a breakthrough in the treatment of the systemic fungal infections, been the focus more naturally to the treatment of the disease.
Acid reflux is an inflammation of esophagus caused by the regurgitation of stomach contents is produced. Another name for it is reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The main symptom of acid reflux is heartburn, which one out of ten Adults in the United States relates to every day. Many sufferers hope for natural remedies for acid reflux.
There are many people out of hiatus hernia each year suffer. A hernia is the protrusion of an organ or body part in an area where there should not be. A hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach and in some cases, the lower part of the esophagus through the hiatus in the diaphragm presses into the thoracic cavity occurs.
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Food Facts & Information : What Is Ginger Root Used For?
Finely crafted, hand-poured Pillar candles are a marvel to behold as they gently fold inward while burning, giving these self-consuming candles exceptional candle life. Every Root Pillar candle self-extinguishes for added peace of mind. Inspired by the classical symmetry of ancient Greek columns, our Grecian Pillars create dramatic impressions in any setting. Root's elegant Grecian Pillar features...
Randy Graves' new cd "Didgital" explores the use of solo didgeridoo with digital effects to create some spacious sounds like you've never heard before. This is not an over-processed computer-generated product, but live didgeridoo solos with simple rack effects. No looping, synthesizers, samplers, or computer editing were used until mastering, in order to maintain the human feel. Most tracks have a...
They're young, beautiful and every man's fantasy. Join the women of Diamond Ranch as they let go oftheir inhibitions and release unbridled passions in this seductive and unflinching look behind the doors of a private club that's based on a real-life brothel! Just outside Reno lies a paradise that caters to a gentleman's every wish. Under the protective eyes of their "manager" (Amy Madigan, Field ...
5, KITS, of, Surgi-Cream, Hair Remover, for, Underarms, FACE, & BODY, with, Hair Stop Plus, gently creams away hair in 8 to 10 minutes, LONG TERM RESULTS, PREVENTS HAIR RE-APPEARANCE, Since 1957, SURGI-CREAM has provided complete satisfaction and effectiveness to millions of customers. Extra Gentle, Order Controlled Kit contains: Underarm Cream Depilatory 42g/1.5oz Finishing Balm 14g/0.5oz, UPC074...
SANFORD Prismacolor Premier Colored PencilsThe traditional choice by commercial and fine artists throughout the world. Thick, soft leads made with permanent pigments are smooth slow wearing, blendable, water-resistant and extremely light-fast. They are packaged in convenient sets of 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 or 120 assorted colors Sets are packaged in tins for easy storage and transportation Sup...
Just outisde reno lies a paradise that caters to a gentlemans every wish. Under the protective eyes of their manager the girls of the ranch make their trade in a carefree world. But when a newcomer arrives she brings more heat than their female oasis can handle. Studio: Tcfhe/mgm Release Date: 07/17/2007 Starring: Amy Madigan Jennifer Aspen Run time: 95 minutes Rating: Ur...
Body wash gives you beautiful healthy looking skin, naturallyLuxurious skin care combines citrus oils and ginger root extract to gently wash skin Moisturizing honey softens while aromatic botanicals nourish and rejuvenate
Enhance your personal style with a Ginger Souffle body creamBody lotion is best for clean, damp skin after bath or shower until absorbedSkin care accessory comes in a 7-ounce quantity
Very Cool cologne spray by Tommy BahamaMen's fragrance contains notes of mint mojito, mandarin, ginger root, bergamot, water pepper and vetiverMasculine scent is ideal for any occasion
Signature Cologne by Tommy Bahama Men's fragrance has notes of pepper Sichuan, elemi, coriander, bergamot and sage Refined scent also features incense caraway, ginger root, patchouli, vetiver, musk, guaiac wood and amber
Pamper yourself with a Tommy Bahama deodorant stickDeodorant stick offered in a 2.5-ounce containerFragrance offers hints of patchouli, bergamot, wood, vetiver, coriander, sage and ginger root
Splash on this refreshing 'Very Cool' cologne spray by Tommy Bahama. This men's fragrance contains notes of mint mojito, mandarin, ginger root, bergamot, water pepper and vetiver.
Fragrance was launched by the design house of GapG7 Spiked is a masculine scent that possesses a blend of juniper, ginger root and deep amber balsamMen's cologne is inspired by the everyday guy
Deodorant stick by Tommy Bahama comes in a 2.5-ounce stick Men's fragrant deodorant will leave you smelling fresh Fragrance offers hints of patchouli, bergamot, wood, vetiver, coriander, sage and ginger root
The allure of making an entire meal in just one pot is irresistible, and GLORIOUS ONE-POT MEALS could be considered a gateway to the Dutch-oven world. Inspired by food from around the world, recipes include Citrus-Ginger Chicken with Root Vegetables, A...
Adding a delicious element to the classic, this is a delightfully moist cake, fragrant with fresh applesand three different treatments of ginger. The flavors of caramel, apple and ginger were meant for each other, and this masterpiece does it beautifully. Just heat and serve, what could be easier? Six individual cakes.
Unlike conventional graters, the porcelain kitchen grater has no cracks or holes where the ginger or garlic can get stuck, so there is absolutely no loss.
The number one root feeder in america, saves water. Waters and fertilizes trees at root level. Protects trees against drought and cold stress. Fertilizer refills available for most tree types. Simply connect a garden hose to the root feeder and insert the feed tube into the soil around the drip line of tree. Use the ross root feeder throughout all seasons for healthy, trees that last a lifetime.Size: 1.25 Pound
Bring a little Zen into your space with this Eastern inspired ginger pots. The Phoenix Ginger Pot by Tozai Home® looks great in any setting. This pot can be used as either a decorative piece or you can store accessories inside. Made from hand painted porcelain this ginger pot should only be hand washed. Features:• Material: Hand Painted Porcelain• Heirloom Quality • Hand Wash Only Size: 11''tall x 9''wide
Aquarium plants require certain essential nutrients for vibrant growth. Root tabs are formulated to supply key nutrients, including iron & potassium, to help new aquatic plants get off to a vigorous start & to keep established plants flourishing. Product contains: Nitrogen, phosphate, soluble potash, iron, etc. Add 1 tablet for each 30 square inches of gravel surface. Push midway into gravel bed. Add new tablets monthly for optimum plant growth. 10ct.
Double comfort and double stretch now available with the Ginger sandal from NAOT A glittering button sits like a cherry atop sandals that leave nothing to chance Freeze frame style for you now
Make you the same as Root Shino in this Hack cospaly costume for cosplay show.It comes with a jacket shawl hat pants cope. Category: Costumes Cosplay Costumes Hack Cosplay
Pomelo is the grandest member of the citrus family and ripe with notes of grapefruit. This wild Tahitian fruit is beautifully mingled with sparkling notes of Asian Ginger and cool, fresh Basil to create an uplifting aroma therapeutic experience.Caldrea® Ginger Pomelo Hand Balm, rich with Shea Butter, is the perfect solution for hard-working hands. Concentrated and creamy, our Hand Balm leaves hands soft and delicately scented with our subtle essential oils. The convenient size makes Ginger Pomelo Hand Balm a great treat to keep tucked in your handbag or gym bag.All Caldrea® products are biodegradable and not tested on animals.Features:• Concentrated and creamy Hand Balm• Rich with Shea Butter• Leaves hands soft and delicately scented with subtle oils• Convenient size is great for keeping in handbag or gym bag• Scent: Ginger PomeloQuantity: 4 ounces
Eat it, clean, kill him with weed ... With the latest crop of cucumbers and fresh salad, vinegar by local chefs will, bring the best out of these vegetables. It is also time, pickles, pickled beets, which could not be achieved without this pungent liquid. Making Apple Cider
Sturdy bags made to fit the tub of your Jaffrey Cider, Fruit or Wine Press. You will want these for sure as you get more juice by using them. Just insert the bag into the tub and hang the excess over the sides. Grind your apples into the bag, fold over to complete the bag and put your pressing plug (plate) on top. When you apply pressure with the screw, the juice will filter out through the bag, g...
* One of the classic incense brands from the U.S., Gonesh incense is bright and full of fragrance.
* Gonesh products are made with the highest quality raw materials.
* Package of approximately 20 sticks of incense....
New ... ScentsOil ... the latest in aromatherapy oils. ScentsOil is an innovative formulation that moves Aromatherapy from casual to everyday use. Best news ... it lasts 10 times longer than traditional dropper based aromatherapy oils. Finally your Aroma Burners and Diffusers can be a focal point of everyday life. ScentsOil is sold in 4 oz bottles, with an EZ-FILL Pour Spout and is available in 16...
Song list - CD ONE: 1 When The Saints Go Marching In 3:41, 2 Back Home Again In Indiana 3:11, 3 Put Your Arms Around Me, Honey 1:08, 4 Ida, Sweet As Apple Cider 1:44, 5 Maple Leaf Rag 1:09, 6 Sweet Georgia Brown 3:19, 7 Bill Bailey, Won't You Please Come Home 2:57, 8 Give My Regards To Broadway 1:09, 9 Anchors Aweigh 2:13, 10 The Yellow Rose Of Texas 1:09, 11 Tiger Rag 4:05, 12 You're A Grand Old ...
VINYL LP! Florian ZaBach: Hi-Fi Fiddle! Violin Solos with Orchestra conducted by Al Rickey! 1956 Decca Hi-Fi (Mono) Release! TRACKS: A1. The Hot Canary; 2. Jalousie; A3. Running off the Rails; A4. Tea for Two; A5. The Waltzing Cat; A6. The Whistler and His Dog; B1. Ida, Sweet as Apple Cider; B2. Cold Turkey; B3. Gypsy Fiddler; B4. Jazz Legato / Jazz Pizzicato; B5. Pussy Footin'; & B6. Red Wing....
Cider Pot Apple Table Lamp Item #19042 Ceramic cider jug with painted ripe apple design will add a rustic country touch to your home 60w bulb max (not included) UL Listed - 6' cord Dimensions: 30"H x 12"D Material(s): porcelain/fabric...
This beautiful mural will surely create a stunning focal point in any room of your home! Each of our murals are individually handcrafted and made to order. Shipment is typically within 5 business days from receipt of order. In the event of breakage during shipment, replacement tiles will be promptly shipped at no cost. Any commercially available adhesive for ceramic tile can be used. An un-sanded ...
In adapting his own novel The Cider House Rules for the screen, John Irving sacrificed at least some of the depth and detail that made his humanitarian themes resonate, while the film--directed with Scandinavian sobriety by Lasse Hallström--is often vague about the complex issues (abortion, incest, responsibility) that lie at its core. Allowing for this ambiguity (which is arguably intentional), ...
Bragg Organic Raw Apple Cider Vinegar is made from delicious, healthy, organically grown apples. Processed and bottled in accordance with USDA guidelines, it is certified organic by organic certifiers and Oregon Tilth; and is Kosher certified. It is full of zesty natural goodness and a wholesome way to add delicious flavor to salads, veggies, most foods, and even sprinkle over popcorn. Apple Cider...
Since 1973, Storey`s Country Wisdom Bulletins have offered practical, hands-on instructions designed to help readers master dozens of country living skills quickly and easily. There are now more than 170 titles in this series, and their remarkable popu...
It is World War II and American soldiers stationed in rural England have made friends, especially with the local girls. After a dance to celebrate the pressing of the apples into cider, the resentment of the local men leads to violence and a murder.
Spot and his friends take a trip to the orchard in this fun new board book. They pick apples, choose a pumpkin for baking pies, navigate a corn maze, and enjoy some soothing hot apple cider. This is a toasty, seasonal book, perfect for the harvest seas...
Apple Backup Battery for Apple iPhone 3G and Apple iPod: The aftermarket Apple Backup Battery is rated at 1800 mAh capacity and plugs into the charging port of your Apple iPhone 3G, Apple iPhone, or Apple iPod (see complete compatibility below). Use it as your extra Apple iPhone 3G Battery and talk longer. Compatible with: Apple iPhone 3G / Apple iPhone / Apple iPOD / iPOD MINI / iPod NANO / iPod NANO Gen 2 / iPod NANO Gen 3 / iPOD Touch Not compatible with the Apple Shuffle Continue shopping for more Apple iPhone, Apple iPhone Accessories
Apple iPhone Travel Charger The aftermarket Apple iPhone Travel charger replenishes your battery and keeps you connected. This Apple iPhone charger was made for the Apple iPhone. Continue shopping for more Apple iPhone Accessories
Apple iPhone Holster With the Apple iPhone Holster, you securely carry your Apple iPhone by your side. The aftermarket Apple iPhone holster provides easy access to your Apple iPhone. Continue shopping for more Apple iPhone Accessories
Apple iPhone Leather Case: Protect your Apple iPhone while on the go with this aftermarket Apple iPhone Case. The Apple iPhone Leather Case features interior lining and a fixed belt clip that securely holds your Apple iPhone. Continue shopping for more Apple iPhone Accessories
Apple iPhone Leather Pouch: Maintain a scratch-free Apple iPhone with this aftermarket Apple iPhone Pouch. The Apple iPhone Leather Pouch features interior lining for frictionless Apple iPhone removal and a fixed leather covered belt clip. Continue shopping for more Apple iPhone Accessories
Apple iPhone USB Cable: The factory original Apple MA591GA, Apple iPhone USB Cable makes it easy to keep your Apple iPhone / Apple iPhone 3G organized. Always have an organized Apple iPhone and quickly transfer your data with the Apple MA591GA, Apple iPhone USB Cable. Compatible with: Apple iPhone / iPhone 3G / iPod 3G / iPod 4G / iPod Classic / iPod Mini / iPod Nano / iPod Nano 3rd Generation / iPod Nano II / iPod Touch / iPod Video MP3 Player / Apple iPad Shop for more Apple iPhone Accessories
Dietrine Carb Blocker Review - is Dietrine for me?
Losing weight is hardly possible if you have cravings. It will have to give up a lot of frustration Your favorite food as they contain too much calories. If this is your dilemma, Dietrine Carb Blocker should help you.
Dietrine Carb Blocker is a tool that health seen to be stopped from carbohydrates and fats, which is stored in our body. What's even better about Dietrine that stimulant-free natural ingredients exists. From the looks of it, sounds Carb Blocker too good to be true, but you may be wondering: Can this really help you lose weight?
How it works During digestion, the body converts carbohydrates into glucose, or sugar. This can be done, the carbohydrate molecules need to be using the alpha-amylase, an enzyme to break produced in the pancreas.
Sugar is used by physical activities, whereas the unused ones are in Your body is stored as a reserve. These sugars are stored, converted to unwanted fat, to be something we all hate: weight gain.
Dietrine blocks carbohydrates before absorption by the effect of alpha-amylase, to ensure that only a small percentage of carbohydrates can be converted. Dietrine allows carbohydrates enter the body, but enjoy less calorie intake.
If you want figures, Dietrine has been seen to to prevent 66% -75% of the starch absorption. This means that with just one pill that you take over in 1125 less calories even with all the pasta, ice cream, potato chips and sinful desserts that you love to eat. "
Dietrine Carb Blocker and security to supplement the active ingredient in Dietrine weight loss occurs, a natural substance to be removed from haricot beans. Because Carb Blocker is made of natural ingredients, Dietrine is undoubtedly safe and effective as long as it is used as directed. It contains no ephedra or other stimulants mua Huang as in other weight loss remedies available today.
There were no known negative Side effects were effects. There are no interactions with other drugs, or if other dietary supplements were taken.
What are the components are contained in Dietrine? Each Dietrine Carb Blocker Weight Loss Pill has the Phase 2 Starch Neutralizer fire, which a drug is protected by Pharmace Labs. This is proved the most important component through years of research have carb's ability to absorb and block thickness.
In addition, the element Dietrine Chromium, the effective normalization of sugar, fat and cholesterol in the body. Vanadium is also included in the formulation which may help control cholesterol and to promote proper cell metabolism.
As you can see an underlying concept Dietrine Carb Blocker makes it a really effective weight loss supplement. If you want to shed unwanted weight from those on without food, Dietrine Carb Blocker may be your best shot. Knowing that this weight loss Pill of natural ingredients makes it even more promising. This is definitely worth a try.
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Do you want to shed off that extra weight without having to stop yourself from eating your favourite cake, pasta or ice cream? Dietrine Carb Blocker may be your best shot. Visit dietrine carb blocker review for more information.
Replace your Carbo Plus carbon with this accessory. This item includes the carbon block, as well as the metal casing that fits around it.Specifications:If you would like only the carbon block part, minus the metal casing, please see item AP0126....
Designed to bond and hold in place the final row of cap and landscape blocks and the installation of cement pavers. Adheres to brick, stone, timber, slate, concrete, metal, and wood. Not recommended for areas of continuous water submersion or for use on plastics. Cured adhesive can be painted. 10.2 oz. cartridge....
10oz pl landscp adhesive. Designed to bond and hold in place the final row of cap and landscape blocks and the installation of cement pavers. Adheres to brick, stone, timber, slate, concrete, metal, and wood. Not recommended for areas of continuous wate...
Specially designed to be taken before those occasional cheat meals, LipoSeduction 2250 includes both a fat (chitosan) and carb blocker (phaseolus vulgaris) to prevent you from absorbing all those extra calories!
This unique formula also contains a powerful appetite suppressant (glucomannan) that prevents you from overindulging. Making LipoSeduction 2250 part of your overall ...
Natural Supplements. Customized formula for the Carb Conscious Dieter. All natural sugar & carb blocking formula. Exclusively with Phaseolin EX. Carb Up Your Favorite Snack with Carb Block! Now you can enjoy your favorite carb-rich foods and snacks without the worry. Just two tablets of the Doctor's CarbRite Diet Carb Blocker will help prevent up to 38 grams of sugars and carbs from being absorbed...
Fat and Carb Blocker blocks the absorption of fat and carbohydratesSupplement with chitosan binds to and absorbs many times its weight in fat and cholesterol in the intestineDietary supplements are great for everyday weight control
Allen Borushek shows why he wears the crown as the "Calorie King," with this one-stop guide to all the nutritional information you will ever need about the food you eat. Featuring calorie, carb, and fat counts on more than 14,000 foods (both name brand...
Allen Borushek shows why he wears the crown as the "Calorie King," with this one-stop guide to all the nutritional information you will ever need about the food you eat. Featuring calorie, carb, and fat counts on more than 14,000 foods (both name brand...
Made of high-end stainless steel, this charm bracelet from the Black&Blue Jewelry Co. features three charms including a shield, a cross and a heart-shaped padlock. The curb link chain showcases a polished finish and lobster claw closure.
Kids will get a fun introduction to the letter combinations and sounds that provide the building blocks for so many words. Each puzzle features examples of one blend of letter sounds, such as CR (crab, crash, ...
Fluval Zeo-Carb - 150gFeatures:Fluval Ammonia RemoverFOR FRESHWATER USE ONLYCombines the benefits of Fluval's high quality Activated Carbon with the protective qualities of ammonia removerHelps protect the aquarium from toxic build-ups of ammoniaSimultaneously adsorbs liquefied wastes, dyes and medications from the waterNo release of phosphate into the waterSize: 150g
"Talk about the complete package! Nothing delivers higher quality protein with more sensational flavor than the amazing new Supreme Protein bar. Unwrap one of these delicious muscle-building treats and you'll be thrilled at how unbelievably good it truly is! The original Supreme Protein Carb Conscious bar is packed with premium-grade protein blend, powered by more high-quality whey isolate than any other product of its kind. This pure and powerful protein is unmatched in amino content, bioavailability and muscle-building benefits."
"Talk about the complete package! Nothing delivers higher quality protein with more sensational flavor than the amazing new Supreme Protein bar. Unwrap one of these delicious muscle-building treats and you'll be thrilled at how unbelievably good it truly is! The original Supreme Protein Carb Conscious bar is packed with premium-grade protein blend, powered by more high-quality whey isolate than any other product of its kind. This pure and powerful protein is unmatched in amino content, bioavailability and muscle-building benefits."
"Talk about the complete package! Nothing delivers higher quality protein with more sensational flavor than the amazing new Supreme Protein bar. Unwrap one of these delicious muscle-building treats and you'll be thrilled at how unbelievably good it truly is! The original Supreme Protein Carb Conscious bar is packed with premium-grade protein blend, powered by more high-quality whey isolate than any other product of its kind. This pure and powerful protein is unmatched in amino content, bioavailability and muscle-building benefits."
"The AdvantEdge Carb Control Ready-to-Drink shakes deliver a high quality, 17 grams of protein with only 3 grams of carbohydrates per serving. Each Ready-to-Drink shake also contains 26 essential vitamins and minerals to aid you in meeting your daily requirements. The AdvantEDGE line provides hunger satisfaction with balanced nutrition and has been scientifically formulated to support your body's requirements for quality nutrients, even with your busy schedule. The AdvantEDGE line provides hunger satisfaction with balanced nutrition and has been scientifically formulated to support your body's requirements for quality nutrients, even with your busy schedule."
The Omega Ultra Slim Bathroom Scale is a top of line scale featuring both sleek and fashionable design with the most cutting edge technology for your convenience. Along with the four high precision G sensors for precision accuracy the scale also features the latest "Sesnse-On" technology. There is no need to tap, simply step on on the scale to get a reading . Also featuring ten second hold , where...
Healthy Juicer, the affordable manual wheatgrass juicer Features & Specifications The Healthy Juicer is the easiest, most efficient and most affordable manual wheatgrass juicer available Most people kn...
Vol.1 of 16 great Country Super Sounds albums released showcasing the greatest hits in country music. Showcases four tracks from Elvis and two from Johnny Cash....
Introduced in the late70s, these fuses feature an enclosed element for protection against shock and sparks. Available in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 amp ratings....
Bussmann Glass Fuses are designed to protect electronic circuits and components. They have a glass tube construction, with nickel plated brass ends and a time- delay design which helps them delay overload and short circuit currents....
Kind Plus Bars Almond and Cashew 12 per case / 1.4 oz each Almond & Cashew is the perfect choice for health-conscious nut lovers. This KIND bar is enhanced with flaxseed that provides the ALA form of Omega-3's, which then converts in the body to EPA and DHA forms of Omega-3. Almond & Cashew is delicious, all-natural, gluten-free and dairy-free. This healthy snack bar is a rich source of fiber, ...
The last survivor of germ warfare hides from nocturnal mutants in a fortified mansion, gathering supplies by day from a deserted L.A. whose streets are strewn with the post-apocalyptic flotsam of the super-funky `70s. Based on Richard Matheson`s nove...
The last survivor of germ warfare hides from nocturnal mutants in a fortified mansion, gathering supplies by day from a deserted L.A. whose streets are strewn with the post-apocalyptic flotsam of the super-funky `70s. Based on Richard Matheson`s nove...
Welcome to the world of The Mighty! Alpha One - America`s first and only Super Hero - is supported by Section Omega, an entire police force devoted to assisting him in his quest for justice. Lt. Gabriel Cole has worked his way up the ranks of Section O...
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Organic agriculture is about more than just growing crops without using either chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, rather it a holistic approach to the very system of farming that restores, maintains and enhances economical sustainability and ecological balance generating non toxic, healthy and tasty food or medicine or dye with natural fragrance and colour.
In today’s world most organic growers since believe in biodiversity, they avoid GM varieties, whether crops or seeds or plants or animals. They use no chemical either for soil fertility or for pest control, no chemical either for their growth or for their protection except the medicines that too only when the situation is very bad and beyond control.
AN OVERVIEW
Organic agriculture is currently being practiced in more than 100 countries the world over. The ill effects of agrochemicals used for last several decades have changed the minds of consumers in different countries who are now buying or willing to bye organic food stuffs with high premium.
Policy makers are now promoting organic agriculture for several different reasons such as soil health, sustaining rural economy and creating better environment. The global organic area is estimated at 26 million hectare with 61 standards and 364
certification bodies.
The world organic market is estimated at 26 billion US $.
The certified organic area in India is estimated at 2.5 million hectare but non-certified area is much more.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Organic agriculture is being practiced in India since the beginning of agriculture in this country and it continued as such till Green Revolution was introduced in this country in the mid sixties.
There is a brief mention of organic agriculture in ancient literatures like the Rigveda, Ramayana, Mahabharata and Kautilya Arthshastra etc.
Sir Albert Howard was the first industrial agriculturist who was brought in to India by the British to teach the Indian farmers the use of agrochemicals but he ended up in learning the organic agriculture from Indian farmers, developed the Indore process and went on to establish the symbiotic fungal bridge between the humus in the soil and the sap of the plants through the mycorrhizal associations. He wrote in his, An Agricultural Testament, “Since industrial revolution, agriculture has become unbalance, the land is in revolt, diseases of all kinds are on the increase, the nature is removing the worn out soil by erosion.”
AGRICULTURE IN ANCIENT INDIA
1. Oldest practice 10,000 years ago dating back to Neolithic age by ancient civilization like Mesopotamia, Hwang Ho basin etc.
2. Ramayana All dead things returned to earth that in nourish soil and life 3. Mahabharata 5500 B.C., Kamadhenu – the sacred cow, had role in not
only in human life but also in soil fertility
4. Kautilya Arthshastra 300 B.C., use of several manures made of the excreta of
domesticated animals and oil cake
5. Brihad Sanhita Methods of choosing manures for crops and manuring
6. Rigveda 2,500-1,500 B.C., green manure, use of dung of goat, sheep, cow etc.
LARGE SCALE USE OF CHEMICALS IN AGRICULTURE IN INDIA
US Noble laureate Norman Borlaug, the creator of the famous dwarf wheat variety in Mexico, visited India in 1957. In a press conference he said, “Were I been a member of the Indian Parliament I would leapt from my seat every fifteen minutes and yell at the top of my voice, fertilizers, give farmers more fertilizers.” The fact is that, between the fifties and sixties, in the independent India, there was a gap between the demand and production of food. To meet this, the Indian planners under the influence of the US institutions like the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and the US food specialist Norman Borlaug, conceived the idea of paradigm shift in agriculture, from natural to chemical, from natives to high brids and high yields, the seeds of which gained popularity under the global brand name of “miracle seeds,” having the ability to soak up agrochemicals developed at that point of time. This was a global phenomenon and it helped in the global increases in food out puts instantly. To day the world food grain production is estimated at 2100 million tones and it is mostly based on use of agrochemicals, artificial chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. However, the impacts of these agro chemicals, the artificial chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides are well observable. No data have been published by any the Indian agency like the US Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). The USEPA revealed in 1991 that the projected estimate of methane emission from the Indian paddy fields amounted to 37.8 metric tones per year, thus accusing Indian paddy cultivators in adding to the global green house gas accumulation as methane is also considered as a green house gas. Consequently in India more emphasis was attached to shift to non conventional agriculture and keep paddy cultivation limited to 47% of total arable land (National Agriculture Policy, 2000). Use of artificial chemical fertilizers especially N- fertilizers always invite the agricultural pests leading to applications of pesticides, especially synthetic pesticides and both of these pollute the environment substantially.
The global fertilizer use (in Kg/ha)
Korea - 357 kg Japan - 247 kg
Netherlands - 172 kg Bangladesh - 158 kg
Germany - 153 kg India - 89 kg
The sinister logic of recommendation of the use of chemical fertilizers:
Plant requires 17 essential nutrients divided under two groups:
1. Macro nutrients- those required by plants in large amounts and
2. Micro nutrients-those required by plants in small amounts
Regardless of the sources, plants absorb all nutrients in inorganic forms only. The 3 Macro or major primary nutrients are absorbed as under -
Nitrogen (N) as Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite
Phosphorus (P) as P2O5 (available phosphorus) Potash (K) as K2O (available potash)
The 3 macro secondary nutrients include such substances as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulphur (S) which are naturally available in the soil and manures.
Micronutrients or minor plant nutrients are in fact trace elements as Iron(Fe), Manganese(Mn), Zinc(Zn), Copper(Cu), Boron(B), Molybdenum(Mo) and Cobalt(Co) and like the secondary macro nutrients, are supposed to be available in the soil and manures. Although there is nothing organic in the nutrient absorption by plants but plant up take is surely influenced by the source of origin of the said nutrients, it is better if it is from the organic source, as the availability is modest and release is delayed but prolonged and the nutrients do not influence each other’s up take. In the chemical process, excessive applications of nitrogenous fertilizers prevent phosphorus and potash up take by plants.
Average nutrient uptake by crops per tones of economic yield
Nutrient
Crops
Paddy (Kg) Wheat (Kg)
N
20
25
P2O5
11
9
K2O
30
33
S
3
4.7
Ca
7
5.3
Mg
3
4.7
B
0.015
0.048
Cu
0.018
0.024
Fe
0.153
0.624
Mn
0.675
0.700
Mo
0.002
0.002
Zn
0004
0.056
State of facts
Intensive farming, said to be required to meet the increasing food demand of the growing population, exhaust natural soil fertility and distort soil’s natural balance.
It is suggested, inorganics have to be selectively added to the soil to maintain the required plant nutrition. But their ills are never assessed nor taken care of.
In the green revolution era throughout the world, the crop plants were basically protected through the use of biocides, pesticides, fungicides etc.and its impacts were never assessed.
Use of synthetic pesticide (in kg/ ha.) in USA, Japan, Korea, China and India are 1.5, 10.8, 6.6, 2.25 and 0.38 kg, respectively.
The uses of synthetic pesticides in the last few decades have become one of the essential inputs of modern farming, but consequences are evidently disastrous.
WHY SHOULD WE EMBRACE ORGANIC FARMING?
Because food safety is as important as food security
DO WE KNOW HOW THE ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS HARM US!
They----
v Interfere and eliminate nutrition producing microbes (bacteria fungi and worms) from soil.
v Impede and set in imbalance the entire mineral and micronutrient pattern in crop plants.
v Excess of N- fertilizer in soil impair K uptake by crop plants and they lack K component in their tissues.
v Excess of K applications decrease the amount of Vitamin-C (ascorbic acid) and carotene (pre Vitamin A) in crop plants.
v Super phosphate applications cause deficiency of Cu and Zn in crop plants.
v Their applications reduce the natural resistance to disease and pest in crop plants
v N-fertilizer applications though enhance crop yield, it is in terms of carbohydrates. There occurs a deficiency in protein content by 20-25% w/w and the amino acid balance is greatly impaired, thus lowering the protein quality.
v N- fertilizers (NO3,NO2 and NH3+) act as toxins in soil, percolated into underground water tables,NO3and NO2 cause Methaemoglobinaemia (Methaemoglobin occurring in excess of normal 0.8%) which at 20% cause headache and giddiness, at 60% loss of consciousness and around 80%, death in adult human beings. Affected new borne turn blue and die (blue baby syndrome).
v N- Fertilizers (NOx) reduce O3 by 3.5% by reducing NO (NO+O3 NO2+O2). A one percent of O3 depletion cause increase 2% of U-V radiation, 10% decreases of O3 in stratosphere increase Melanoma (skin cancer) by 20-30% besides causing high occurrence of cataracts, destruction of immunity, vegetation and sea-life.
v Concentration of NO2at 6.0mg/kg in excess of 2mg/kg of air cause leaf damage, impaired photosynthetic activity in many plants. At a higher concentration, causes burning sensation of mucous membranes. NO3at 800mg/ltr.of water caused cattle deaths in epidemic form in Rajasthan in 1976.
THIS IS HOW THE SYNTHETIC PESTICIDES HARM US -
v These are generally bionondegradables, introduced into the ecosystem, they play havoc, either as hazardous or toxicants or both.
v Aimed at eliminating the pests, they end up in increasing their pesticide-resistance as most of the pests have as many as 10-30 life cycles in a year.
v The table given below shows changes in cotton insecticide use(in mln.pounds),from USDA chemical use survey( It is to note that Bt cotton was introduced in US in 1996)
1964
1966
1971
1976
1982
1992
1998
2000
Organochlorines
54.6
45.4
33
18.6
1.2
1.2
0.3
0.5
Organophosphates
15.6
14.3
28.6
31.4
12.9
13.4
11.3
36.1
Carbamates
6.2
4.5
10.3
12.2
3.5
4
2.7
3.5
Synthetic pyrethroids
0
0
0
0
0.8
0.9
0.4
0.3
Others
1.6
0.7
1.5
2
1
0.3
0.1
0.1
Total pounds applied
78
64.9
73.4
64.2
19.4
19.8
14.8
40.5
v Percolated into the underground water tables, cause pesticide pollution, the recent Coca cola- Pepsi and bottled water episodes are the glaring examples. Once consumed, they have one way traffic in the human (animal) vital tissues.
v According to Pearson (1985) pesticide related deaths in developing countries are estimated at 10,000/yr. nearly 1.5-2 million persons in these countries suffer from acute poisoning related to pesticide use and consumption, whether knowingly or unknowingly.
Pesticide residue reported to be present in agricultural produce (from HAU)
Commodities
2001
Sample (No.) Contamination
2002
Sample (No.) Contamination
Vegetables
(17 crops)
712
61
12% above MRL
529
63
8.5% above MRL
Fruits
(12 crops)
378
53
less than MRL
329
47
approaches MRL
Pesticide residue in animal feed, fodder, product and irrigation water in year 2001-2002.
Commodities
Sample No.
Contamination (%)
Major residue recorded
Feed and fodder
125
81
HCH, DDT, Chloropyriphos, indosulphan
Milk
537
52
94% HCH, 9% indosulphan and DDT residue
Butter
184
67.4
- do -
Irrigation Water
Surface water
258
60
HCH, DDT
Canal water
251
73
Indosulphan, Chloropyriphos
4 above MRL
Pond water
10
11
All
All
- do -
Maximum residue limit (MRL) of pesticide on food commodities (prevention of food adulteration acts- 1954)
Name of pesticide Food
MRL (Mg/kg)
Aldrine
Food grains, milk, vegetables
0.01, 0.15, 0.10
Captan
Food and vegetables
15.0
Carbendazim
Food grains, vegetable and milk
0.5, 0.5, 0.1
Carbofuran
Food grains, fruit/vegetables, milk
0.10, 0.10, 0.05
Chloropyriphos
Food grains, fruits, Cauliflowers
0.05, 0.50, 0.01
DDT
Milk/milk product, fruits/vegetables
1.25, 3.5
Indosulphan
Fruits/vegetables
2.00
Heptachlor
Food grains, vegetables
0.01, 0.055
Do the plants actually require mineral fertilizers?
Facts regarding evolution
1. Creation of earth - 5 billion years ago
2. First life started - 2 billion years ago
3. Initiation of plants - 500 million years ago
4. Appearance of man - 2 million years ago
5. Pre-historic man started cultivation - 10000 years ago
6 Concept of fertilizers use - J B Boussingault (French chemist) and Justus Von Liebig (German chemist) in 1840.
7. First global fertilizer industry- Roth Amsted Experimental station, London, 1842.
(Single Super Phosphate or SSP)
8. First fertilizer industry in India-SSP (Parry), Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India, in1906.
9. History of fertilizer - 100 to 160 years only
10. Principal source of Global Fertilizer supply – American II war surplus materials,
Nitrogenous and Phosphatic fertilizers.
FACTS FAVOURING ORGANIC FARMING
Organic proponents are against fertilizer inputs due to the following reasons.
Fertilizer use is only 100-160 years old.
Not willing to accept the claim that fertilizers enhanced global food production.
Lot of plants on road sides, hills and deserts are surviving with humus from biomass years after years, without any fertilizers being ever applied.
Fertilizer is from the brain of the industrial lobby only, and is neither for the advantage of the farmer-consumer nor the environment.
Crop produced with chemicals contains heavy metals and other contaminants, hence, not well for health.
Agrochemicals cause disease and death due to excess nitrate and pesticide residues.
The so called food produced through the use of agrochemicals is devoid of vital minerals and vitamins which, in turn, incapacitate the enzyme systems so vital for proper body functions necessitating their additions to food and medicines.
Fertilizers like Urea and DAP contain heavy metals like lead and cadmium.
Concentration of heavy metals (PPM) on dry weight basis.
Source
Arsenic
Cadmium
Lead
Nickel
Urea
DAP
9.9 – 16.2
4.6 – 35.5
2.1 – 3.7
7.4 – 22.2
MOP
Adverse effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on human health and environment
Effects
Causative agents
Human health
Excess NO3 and NO2 in water and food
Methemoglobinaemia
and Cancer
Nitrosamine illness from NO2 secondary amines peroxiacyl nitrate
Environment health
Eutrophication
Excess NO3 in food and water, eutrophication in water bodies owing to run off agricultural fertilizers
Materials and ecosystem damage
HNO3, leading to acid rain and Aerosols in rainfall
Compound growth rate in important crops in India is quite unsatisfactory
Crops
1980-1990
1991-2000
Rice
3.10
1.27
Wheat
3.10
2.11
Maize
2.09
1.69
Total cereals
2.90
1.56
Total pulses
1.61
0.96
Total food grains
2.74
1.52
Total oilseeds
2.53
1.25
Sugarcane
1.27
0.95
Cotton
4.10
Total non-food grains
2.31
1.04
All principal crops
2.56
1.31
Efficiency of Fertilizers is not more than 50% and the remaining is huge loss
Nutrient use efficiency in India
Nutrient
Efficiency (%)
Nitrogen
30-50
Phosphorus
15-20
Potassium
70-80
Zinc
2-5
Iron
1-2
Copper
1-2
Nutrient utilization by plants irrespective of sources is through mineralization by billions of micro organism which are available in the soil for this job.
Phosphorus from rocks---------------------------à P2O5
Organisms (as Bacillus &
Pseudomonas)
Excess and indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizer has deteriorated soil health badly leading to deficiency of both plant macro and micro nutrients.
Why organically grown food are preferred over Inorganically grown food:-
Organically grown food contains more vitamins, minerals, enzymes, trace elements and even cancer fighting antioxidants than conventionally grown food, revealed a two years study made in Chicago, USA. It was also observed that the average level of minerals were much higher in the organically grown food than in the conventionally grown food. Besides, the organically grown food always tastes far better and has a longer keeping quality even without refrigeration.
Minerals
% higher (Chicago study)
Calcium
63% higher over convent grown food.
Iron
73% ,,
Magnesium
118% ,,
Molybdenum
178% ,,
Phosphorus
91% ,,
Potassium
125% ,,
Zinc
60% ,,
Studies reveal that the productivity of organic farming may be less in the initial year(s) but the same increases progressively equating and then surpassing the yields under inorganic farming by 3rd/4th years, with enhanced B:C ratios.
Yield economics of organic farming vis–a–vis conventional farming.
Year
Status
Yield (Q/ha)
Gross income (Rs)
Premium (20%)
Total (Rs)
Net income (Rs)
Surplus/ deficit over conventional
Conventional
10
20000
0
20000
9000
0
1st year
Year of conversion
5
10000
0
10000
750
- 6250
2nd year
- do -
5.75
11250
0
11250
3750
- 5250
3rd year
Organic
6.25
12500
2500
15000
7000
- 1500
4th year
- do -
7.5
15000
3000
18000
10500
1500
5th year
- do -
8.75
17500
3500
21000
13500
4500
6th year
- do -
10.0
20000
4000
24000
16500
7500
Regular addition of organic manure improves the soil quality. The loss of nutrients in organic manure is very less due to its slow and delayed release.
Mean value of aggregated soil data from 16 pairs of farms each with organic (bio) and conventional (Con) farming practices
Soil property
All bio farm
All Con. Farm
Bulk density (Mg m-3)
1.07
1.15
Penetration resistance 0-20 cm (Mpa)
2.84
3.18
Carbon (%)
4.84
4.27
Respiration (µ/O2 h-1 g-1)
73.7
55.4
Mineralizable N (mg/Kg)
140
105.9
Ratio of mineralizable N to C (mg/g)
2.99
2.59
Cation Exchange Capacity (C mol/kg)
21.5
19.6
Definition and objectives of organic agriculture
The concept of organic agriculture is often misconceived and misrepresented
The organic agriculture in real sense is the one that envisages a comprehensive management approach to sustainably improve the soil fertility and control the pests so as to improve the B: C ratio.
Organic agriculture is a production system which avoids or excludes the use of all synthetic compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and live stock feed additives.
It relies on crop rotations, legumes, green manures, crop residues, animal manures, off farm organic wastes, vermi technology and methods of botanical and biological pest control.
Organic farming is the concept of farm as an organism, in which all the components – soil minerals, organic matters, micro organisms, insects, plants, animals and humans – interact to create a coherent self regulating and stable whole (Lampkin, 1999).
Sustainable agriculture prohibits reliance on all purchased inputs, whether chemical or organic and thus improves the B: C ratio.
Organic farming is propagated to make agriculture sustainable, hence, is a holistic production system with enhanced B: C ratio.
International federation of organic agriculture movement (IFOAM) stresses and supports the development of self supporting system on local and regional basis.
Principles of organic agriculture
The main principles are as follows:
To maintain long term soil fertility with ecological balance.
To avoid all forms of pollution resulting from agricultural operations.
To produce toxin free food stuff of high nutritional quality in sufficient quantity and better taste.
To reduce the use of fossil energy in agriculture practice to a minimum.
To give the live stocks condition of life akin to their physiological needs.
To enable farmers to earn a living through their work and improve their economic standards so as to make agriculture sustainable and farmers, the world over, dignified human beings.
The four pillars of organic agriculture
Organic standard
Certification/regulatory mechanism
Technology packages
Market network
Standard and certification
The most important component of organic farming in modern era is certification programme which consist of
Standard (rules)
Inspection (checking whether rules implemented)
Certification (judgement)
Only by these three norms, organic farming can be distinguished from other methods of sustainable agriculture.
These standards defined what can be leveled “certified organic” and sold commercially as such.
In fact, certification in organic agriculture generally refers to third party certification. Third party implies that it is not done by either producer (1st party) or the buyer (2nd party).
The system includes farm inspectors and audit trails (checking of records).
Certificate is valid only if it is done by accredited certifying agency.
Certification programme varies from country to country because of the differences in environmental, climatic, social and cultural factors.
Standard
Globally, there are more than 60 standards. International Federation for Organic Agricultural Movement (IFOAM) (Headquarter – Germany), first established accreditation programme in 1992 to accredit certifying bodies and to setup Intl. Organic Accr. Services (IOAS). FAO, WHO and Inter governmental bodies, 1962 laid out a set of guidelines for organic productions mostly in the EU states. In 1991 Demeter international a world wide network and Japan Agriculture Standard (JAS) were set up..
The statutory norms of product labeling depends on the destination to which the same is to be exported or the destined market of sale such as the US, EU, or Japan.
In the EU states, it must confer to EEC regulation no. 2092/91.
In the US, it must confer to the UASDA standards for organic foods.
In Japan, it must confer to Japanese Agriculture Standards (JAS) for organic products.
Highly accepted Certifications
It includes those from agencies and associations such as CODEX and IFOAM (International Federation for Organic Agricultural Movement) etc.They are accepted in the US, EU states and Japan, the most important organic markets.
The Ministry of Commerce, Government of India, in 2000 launched the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) to ensure focused and well directed development of organic agriculture in India. A national steering committee (NSC) was formed comprising of APEDA(Agricultural and Processed food Export Development Authority), Spices Board, Coffee Board and various government and private organizations associated with the organic movement to formulate the national standards for organic agriculture with the following guide lines;
No harmful chemicals have been applied to the land for at least 3 years
The farmer and processor have annual certification inspections
They have maintained detailed records of their practices
They use eco-friendly methods and substances for soil fertility and pest control.
On the recommendations of the National steering committee, the government has constituted the accreditation agencies for the NPOP. The works of these agencies are:
Drawing up procedures for evaluation and accreditation of certification programmes
Formulating procedures for evaluation of the agencies implementing the programmes.
The following agencies have been approved as accreditation agencies by the Government of India;
APEDA, 2. Spices Board, 3. Coffee Board, 4. Tea Board, 5. Coconut Development Board and 6. The Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa Development.
As per report, today there are 364 certification bodies across the world.
Certification bodies and their approval per region (IFOAM, 2004)
Region
Total
IFOAM
Japan
ISO65
EU
USA
Africa
7
1
Asia
83
4
65
1
1
2
Europe
130
10
9
45
100
28
Latin America/ Caribbean
33
4
-
10
5
8
North America
101
4
1
14
-
64
Oceania
10
4
6
3
6
4
Total
364
26
81
74
112
106
Technology packages
Conventional practices can’t be followed for growing crops organically. It includes following
a) Land preparation
b) Selection of variety
c) Organic fertilization
d) Biological control of pests – diseases - weed
e) Harvest storage etc.
Some countries have developed package of practices for some selected crops but there is an ample scope to refine this package with scientific methods and practices.
Market network
It is expected that organic produce should fetch a greater market premium as compared to the traditional one and there should be definite market to buy the produce at a higher price.
The basic focus of organic agriculture should be
To produce farm products for the home i.e., internal consumption and
For the markets, basically for export, since this will fetch more revenue.
Global scenario of organic agriculture
About 100 countries of the world are in organic agriculture and area under organic. is increasing. As per a study made in2004, by the Foundation of Ecology and Agriculture (FOUL), the total global area under organic is about 24 million hectare.
Land area of major countries under organic management
Name of country
Area under organic (M.ha)
% of total agriculture area
No. of organic farm
Australia
100000
2.20
1380
Argentina
20600
1.70
1779
U.S.A.
0.95
0.23
6949
U.K.
0.7245
4.22
4057
Germany
0.6969
4.10
15628
South Africa
0.0045
0.05
250
China
0.3012
0.06
2910
Japan
0.0005
0.10
-
India
0.0370
0.03
5147
Pakistan
0.0002
0.08
405
Sri Lanka
0.0015
0.65
3301
All world
240700
1.60
462475
Source: IFOAM, 2004
Among the organic food growing countries, Australia is the top (42%) followed by Argentina and Latin America and Europe. The total area in Asia is 880000 hectare (0.07% of total area).
MARKET
The current world organic market has been estimated at over US 26 billion $ from cultivated total area of around 24 million hectare world wide.
It almost reached 31 billion US$ by 2005.
Premium on most organic products range between 35-100%.
4. 95% of the organic product is consumed in developed countries.
5. The major producers and importers of organic products are EU, USA and
In year 2000, the National Agriculture Policy was framed and following that,
Planning Commission constituted a steering group on agriculture who, in turn, identified that organic farming should be taken up as a major thrust area under the 10th Plan. The region included NE rainfed area and in the areas where the consumption of agro-chemical is low or negligible like Uttranchal.
The traditional knowledge of agriculture relating to organic farming was re-assessed and its scientific up gradation was done.
DAC constituted a Task Force on organic farming which recommended the motion of organic farming.
Ministry of Commerce launched a national organic programme in April, 2000 and APEDA (Ag. Pro. Food products Exports Dev. Authority) was to implement the national programme for organic production. APEDA then set the followings-
1. National standard 2. Accreditation criteria
3. Inspection and certification agency, 4. Accreditation procedure
5. Inspection and certification procedure as have been approved by
the National Screening Committee
India’s advantages in organic agriculture
India is endowed with diverse forms of nutrients in different soil types as available in different parts of the country which help in organic cultivation.
Farmers in most parts still depend on the animals and biodiversity for agriculture
Use of chemicals in agriculture in most parts is much below the prescribed doses; in the north-east states, agrochemicals have been selectively barred since long.
Availability of organic nutritional inputs in India as estimated by NCOF, Ghaziabad is as follows:
3. Green manure (0.223 million tones) 4. Bio-fertilizer (0.3670 million tones)
5. Besides it has enough scope for both ancient and modern method of organic agriculture using Nadep compost, Vermi compost and other such practices.
i) Soil fertility
a.) Sanjeevan System, derived from the Indian traditional knowledge system,
essentially promotes the growth of soil microbes to a super active form through the spray of alcoholic extracts, called “amruta” of 2 Ficus plants on composts of all kinds. The matter has been proved at Sanjeevani Sugar Factory, Kopergaon, Maharashtra, where microbial count increased to 1012 in 15 days.
b.) Panchagabya, recommended by the Indian knowledge system, is used mostly in south India as a foliar spray for plant growth (Stock solution = 5 kg fresh cow dung + 3 liter cow urine + 2 liter cow milk + 1 liter cow ghee + 2 liter cow milk curd + 3 liter sugar cane juice + 3 liter tender coconut water + 12 ripe bananas, kept in an earthen pot, stirred vigorously once in the morning for 15 days, 3% aqueous solution is sprayed on all crops to revive the dieing crop and envigorous the healthy crop).
c.) Agnihotra, is an ancient Vedic method, revived recently by plant scientists and is adopted widely around the world for all crops and even for waste land reclamations.(Ingredients include a pyramidal copper vessel, few dry cow dung cakes, little cow ghee, few rice grains, a copper spoon. The dung cakes are ignited at the field every day at Sun rise and Sun set with the recitation of 2 Sanskrit mantras in praise of the Sun and fire and ash so gathered, called the “miracle powder” acts as both growth promoter and insecticide when sprayed on the field.
d) Vermi compost or more precisely worm-cast applications. Culture and collection of worm casts of select varieties of earthworms, both native and nativised, are rich in plant nutrients and plant food generating microbes. Its applications in the farm soil help crop plants grow, flower and fruit properly.
Raw animal dungs and decaying biodiversity make up the food of the earthworms that grow in shady moist places.
Contribution of Earthworms to Soil fertility in form of Worm casts (in kg./ ha.)
Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potash (K)
General soil sample ---- 340.2 40.8 380.7
Worm cast of Metaphire posthuma— 610.2 46.7 781.0
(Giant tropical earth worms of Orissa)
Initial soil sample ------ 269.7 52.2 561.25
Worm casts of mixed species worms – 573.88 70.65 825.8
-do- Perionyx excavatus 558.2 61.9 611.52
-do- Eisenia foetida 698.92 90.36 861
Contributions of Biodiversity to soil fertility under 20%soil incorporations (kg. /ha)
Soil nutrients Initial state Moringa Eichornea Cassia Pongamia Sesbania
Major Nutrient Removal by different crops Unit- kg. per quintal of product)
Crop Crop part Nitrogen Phosphorus Potash
Paddy grain/straw 1.34/0.61 0.54/0.37 0.27/3.70
Groundnut Pod/calm 3.02/0.4 0.74/0.14 0.52/0.7
Potato Tuber 0.74 0.28 1.4
Gram Grain 5.25 1.65 4
e.) Other minor methods such as - Soil collected from the the Banyan tree surroundings and Animal Horn Manures etc.are also used in many parts.
ii) Pest control
Botanicals (plant derived materials), Biological pest control agents (predatory, parasitic and parasitoidic organisms) and bio pesticides (virus and bacteria) are used to control the agricultural pests. Among all plants, Azadirachta indica,
which contains azadirachtin is the best because it is a mixture of more than 150
active principles, or terpenoids against which pests can not develop resistance.
Area
i) Around 76000 hectare area comes under certified organic farming
ii) 2.4 million hectare is certified forest area for collection of wild herbs.
iii) Uttranchal and Sikkim have declared themselves organic states
iv) In Maharashtra more than 50000 hectare of which 10000 hectare is certified
v) Karnataka, more than 1513 hectare
vi) Most of the dry zones practice organic farming
vii) Other states are also promoting organic farming like Rajasthan, TN, Kerala, M.P., HP and Gujarat.
National Standards
Under NPOP, GoI has developed national standard for organic products. Ministry of Agriculture has accepted this standard.
Laid on policy for development and certification of organic product
Facilitate certification of organic products confirming to the standards of the national programme
Institute a logo and prescribe its award by accrediting bodies on products qualifying for bearing India organic level
A national steering committee comprising Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Agriculture, APEDA, National Organic Products Board, Spices Board, Coffee Board, Tea Board, and various other government and private organization associated with the organic movement is monitoring the overall organic activity under NPOP in India.
The NPOP standard has got equivalency with the standard of EU commission
and is acceptable in EU countries. The same with USA, is under process.
CERTIFICATION BODIES.
There are 12 accredited certifying agencies in the country
Name of certifying agency
Address
Name of certifying agency
Address
Association for promotion of organic farming
Alumni association building, Belari road, Hebbal, Bangalore
Indian Society for Certification for organic products
Rasa Building, 162/163, Ponnai arajapuram, Coimbatore, TN
Indian organic certification agency
Thottumughan, Post Aluva, 683015, Cochin, Kerala
Skal Inspection and Certification Agency
Mahalaxmi Layout, No.191, 1st main Road, Bangalore – 560086.
As regards market, India is at a very nascent stage when it comes to export of organic products. During 2004-2005, total organic export was 6472 m.t. at a value of Rs.80-90 crore, the maximum products coming from Kerala.
Indian organic: an Overview (2004-2005)
Area under certified = 2.5 million ha
Total certified product = 115,238 metric tones
Total project certified = 332
Number of processing units = 158
Accredited inspection and certifying agencies = 11
Number of products exported = 35
States involved in organic export
a) Kerala =
About the Author
Author is an avid natrure analyst,has worked on & written books,research papers and short & large articles on several aspects of the nature such as farming,forest,food and water etc.
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